Ultraviolet Light and Its Biological Effects
Have you ever heard that ultraviolet (UV) light can be a
biocide for living things? You can find the answer within the following info.
Starting with the history, the study on UV rays and its
biological effects began around 1888 when Neils Ryborg Finsen decided to
analyze this matter. He proposed that UV rays could kill bacteria. This
discovery motivated other inventors to perform further analysis on this
subject, including the mechanism of UV rays on microorganisms and applications
in biology, medical sterilization, also air and water treatment.
UV (ultraviolet) light is part of electromagnetic spectrum
which ranges from gamma rays to radio waves. The short wavelength and high
frequency gamma rays are more energetic than radio waves which have long
wavelength and low frequency. Therefore radio waves do not give bad effects no
matter how long you are exposed to it. On the other hand, the short waves from
gamma rays will be dangerous, even deadly.
Of the electromagnetic spectrum, UV ray goes around 10-400
nanometers in which UVA exists in the 100-280nm, UVB for 280-315nm, and UVC
stands 315-400nm. There is UV lamps which are designed to create biocide at
260-nanometer emission. To kill bacteria, UV light penetrates their cells to
break the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). This acid has such chemical which bonds
the atoms together. UV ray brings massive damages to the bond and knocks the
electrons. To kill a large amount of bacteria, short exposure of UV light is
not enough. That is why it needs moderate dose of UV light.
For sterilization applications, Ultraviolet lamps
are used to sterilize aquarium water. The UV lamp applied to a small assembly
in which the light irradiates the water pumped through the device. In addition,
UV light is used in water filter to produce hygienic drinking water, killing
any harmful microorganisms. With UV ray water filter you can get bottled water
quality just by pushing the button of the faucet in your home.
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Read Also: Ultraviolet Germicidal Lamps
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